Essay --

Well, in today’s society there are commonly known for 105 historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the United States of America present today according to (thurgoodmarshllfund.net, 2012). Historical black institutions are for higher learning and to educate African Americans students. In 1837 the key responsibility mission was to educate freed slaves how to read and write. During the beginning of the 21st century, along with graduates and post graduates degrees, historically Black Colleges and universities offer African American students a place to earn logic of identify heritage and community. Historical Black Colleges have many opportunities people does not know about such as, when was the first HBCU was founded, what is it purpose, different organizations, and who started it. The first HBCU founded was, Cheney University in Pennsylvania. Cheney University was founded in 1837. All HBCUs around America play a critical role in the American system of higher education. For most of America’s history, African Americans that were seeking a college education could only get it from a HBCU. Today, HBCUs remain one of the surest ways for an African American, or student of any race, to receive a quality education. Over 100 HBCUs represent just three percent of the nation’s institutions of higher learning; they graduate nearly 20 percent of African Americans who earn undergraduate degrees. Furthermore, HBCUs were created to support African American students and their education but these institutions of higher learning are no longer exclusive for African American students. Now, HBCUs have a significant percentage of non-African American student populations that consist of Asians, Hispanic, International and white American stu... ... public figures. Many of the institutions emphasize the sciences and engineering, encouraging black students to start a career in those professions. In the early 20th Century, with several black schools established, leaders such as Booker T. Washington and Dr. W.E.B DuBois debated fiercely the future of African-American education. Washington believed vocational training was the key to stepping up from the mire of poverty and bondage; DuBois defended the enlightenment drawn from studying the arts and sciences. In fact, today’s Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) incorporate both philosophies, providing students with both technical training as well as liberal arts education. Historically Black Colleges and Universities, or â€Å"HBCUs, have played an important role in enriching the lives of not just African Americans, but our entire country.†-Ric Keller Essay -- Well, in today’s society there are commonly known for 105 historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the United States of America present today according to (thurgoodmarshllfund.net, 2012). Historical black institutions are for higher learning and to educate African Americans students. In 1837 the key responsibility mission was to educate freed slaves how to read and write. During the beginning of the 21st century, along with graduates and post graduates degrees, historically Black Colleges and universities offer African American students a place to earn logic of identify heritage and community. Historical Black Colleges have many opportunities people does not know about such as, when was the first HBCU was founded, what is it purpose, different organizations, and who started it. The first HBCU founded was, Cheney University in Pennsylvania. Cheney University was founded in 1837. All HBCUs around America play a critical role in the American system of higher education. For most of America’s history, African Americans that were seeking a college education could only get it from a HBCU. Today, HBCUs remain one of the surest ways for an African American, or student of any race, to receive a quality education. Over 100 HBCUs represent just three percent of the nation’s institutions of higher learning; they graduate nearly 20 percent of African Americans who earn undergraduate degrees. Furthermore, HBCUs were created to support African American students and their education but these institutions of higher learning are no longer exclusive for African American students. Now, HBCUs have a significant percentage of non-African American student populations that consist of Asians, Hispanic, International and white American stu... ... public figures. Many of the institutions emphasize the sciences and engineering, encouraging black students to start a career in those professions. In the early 20th Century, with several black schools established, leaders such as Booker T. Washington and Dr. W.E.B DuBois debated fiercely the future of African-American education. Washington believed vocational training was the key to stepping up from the mire of poverty and bondage; DuBois defended the enlightenment drawn from studying the arts and sciences. In fact, today’s Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) incorporate both philosophies, providing students with both technical training as well as liberal arts education. Historically Black Colleges and Universities, or â€Å"HBCUs, have played an important role in enriching the lives of not just African Americans, but our entire country.†-Ric Keller

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller

â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, by Arthur Miller, is the perfect play for you to revitalize your career, as it contains an outstanding and memorable character that is understandable and somewhat realistic the audience. There are also several themes thoughout the play that the audience can connect to. The play is also heavy in symbolism that relates these themes with the characters. By bringing all these elements into a masterful performance, you should have newspapers and critics alike marveling at your performance and swaying the public image of yourself from negitive to positive.Mr. Sheen, you will be playing Willy Loman. Willy is a salesman who, at one time in his life, used to be well liked and well known, but is now a troubled and misguided man, as seen in the following text: WILLY. â€Å"†¦ And then all of a sudden I’m goin’ off the road! I’m telling ya, I absolutely forgot I was driving. If I’d’ve gone the other way over the white li ne I might’ve killed somebody. So I went on again – and five minutes later I’m dreamin again, and I nearly – (He presses two fingers against his eyes. ) I have such thoughts, I have such strange thoughts. 1774) The â€Å"strange thoughts† that Willy continues to have thoughout the play are glimpses into his psychological thought process. To combat his unhappiness in himself and his family, Willy frequently reminiscences the past using soliloquies and illusions, imagining times where he felt content, appreciated, and successful. This will help the audience understand the trials you are undergoing as the play continues to unfold before the audience’s eyes. While it is normal to recall good times in our lives, it is not healthy to focus on them for too long.Willy basically lives in the past, which unables him not to be able to function in the present. The past has already occured, and you need to help the audience realize that there is nothing that you can do to change it. He even goes as far as to having conversations with imaginary people, showing his deteriorating mental health. Willy’s admiration of Dave Singleman’s (asuccess shows his obsession with being well liked: WILLY. And when I saw that, I realized that selling was the greatest career a man could want. Cause what could be more satisfying than to be able to go, at the age of eighty-four, into twenty or thirty different cities, and pick up a phone, and be remembered and loved and helped by so many different people? (1807) Willy wants people remember and love him to substitute his neediness to be loved in a way his family love does not. Willy chooses to ignore the fact that Dave is still working at the age of eighty-four, and is probably experiencing the same frustrations and financial worries Willy does himself.Willy is frustrated with himself and his two sons whom he sees nothing but failure in, and tries to commit suicide several times. His wife, Linda, works to cheer him up, but is unsuccessful in doing so. Willy's two sons, Biff and Happy, also try to improve Willy's morale by attempting to win their father’s affection by getting better jobs with better pay. They, too, are unsuccessful, and Willy kills himself at the end of the play. To Willy Loman, the falsity of the American Dream is the dominant theme of Arthur Miller's â€Å"Death of a Salesman†. In early memories, you possesses a solid family that is happy and secure.However, no matter how much you wants to remember his families past as all-American and blissful, he is unable to rewrite his past. Willy represents the primary victim of this dream. As with most men working in the middle class, Willy struggles to provide financial security for his family and dreams about making himself a huge financial success. The failure of the American dream is present, and makes the audience question his/her commitment to their own false dreams. Another major theme of the play is the lost opportunities that each of the characters face and regret.Willy also regrets the opportunities that have passed by Biff, whom he believes to have the capability to be a great man. This is helped understood by the symbolism throughout the play. Symbolism in this play is very important, as it helps relate the themes to the characters. The seed Willy buys to plant his garden help to symbolize Willy’s desire for a fresh start in life. Willy’s desperate actions to attempt to grow the seeds relates to the unhappiness he goes through realizing his family has not â€Å"grown† into the thriving, nourished family he always dreamed of. Willy states: WILLY. Nothing’s planted.I don’t have a thing in the ground. (1827) Suggesting he is talking about his own sons and their future, his failure in being well known and well liked, and preoccupation with material success. The planting of the seeds can also show Willy’s desire to leave some thing that is tangible for his family and others to show the worth of his labor. Maybe you could reflect on the legacy you would like to leave as you dive into the role. All these elements help create this play into just what your career need in order to help improve your currently low image where it belongs.Many critics believe your cocaine nd hooker addiction is the suicide of your career, so you would be able to relate to Willy’s situation. You can relate to his unhappiness and character flaws as you have some yourself. Seeing as how you just recently divorced your wife, you could easily mold the tone and emotion needed to play this character. A moderate amount of people can relate to the struggles that Willy has undergone and can relate it to their lives 1. Miller, Arthur. â€Å"Death Of A Salesman. † Literature: An Introduction to Fiction,Poetry,Drama, And Writing. 11th ed. New York: Longman, 2010. 1773-835. Print. Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Usually suicide is the last measure a human being would take when he or she sees no way out of a situation. Willy Loman, the protagonist of the drama Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, appears to be attempting suicide several times before he succeeds at the end of the play. His family does not seem to understand what is driving him into suicide until very late, as there seem to be several reasons. Behind the word success Willy Loman does not seem to see anything more than material possession. Self-fulfillment is nothing else than earning a lot of money to provide a good standard of living for one's family. This ironically is Willy's ideology, even though he is a salesman with a low salary who can barely pay the upcoming installments. Willy's view of the world is based to a large extent based on two men. His brother Ben, who made a fortune by finding diamonds in the jungle, and an old salesman called David Singleman, the salesman he aspires to become. Willy desperately tries to believe that he is a success, something he always tried to tell his sons. But of course at the age of sixty-three, near retirement, he has to realize that he cannot achieve what he was longing for. He starts going back into his past and seeing his brother Ben, who he thinks has all the answers. His life lies in ruins in front of him and he starts realizing that according to his ideology he is a failure. Materialistic things are everything that count for him is how it seems. Therefore he cannot see what he has in his wife and two sons, who stand behind him by the end of the play. The idea that his life insurance money could help his son to set up his business prevails for him. He had always wanted his sons, especially Biff, the elder one of them, to be successes. At the age of thirty-four, though, Biff has still not settled down, as he wants to be a success in the eyes of his father but on the other hand realizes that he is best at working with his hands. This of course would mean not making much money but would probably give him a feeling of self-fulfillment. By the end of the play Biff realizes exactly this but is not able to make Willy drop his views. These views prevent Willy from doing what he also shows talent in, which is construction working. Only materialistic things are what count in a man's life. As Willy slowly seems to comprehend how much he failed, according to his narrowed views, a process begins in him, which many of the other characters would describe as confusion. It is much more than that, though, he looses his touch with reality and gives up his will to live. On his long journeys in his car he deliberately tries to crash and at home he connects a plastic attachment to the gas pipe in his cellar in order to suffocate himself. This not only shows that he has given up but also that his family is not enough reason for him to continue his life. This cannot be explained simply by saying he does not love them but it is that he thinks he is unworthy of living with them when he cannot provide them with money. Therefore his line of thinking continues with the idea that in his death he can give them a lot more financial support than he could in his life time. Following his logic this is to say that he is a much better husband and father, dead than alive. In the play there is a rather optimistic part, where the future of the Loman family seems rather good. Willy is about to see his boss for a non-traveling position and his sons have the plan to open a sports article retailing business. All of these hopes for a better future get crushed at once and the way to Willy's suicide is free. In a last vision of Ben, Willy sees a new hope at least for his sons in his life insurance money and therefore his death. Ben encourages him in this unspoken intention Willy takes the last step and drives into the next tree. Willy Loman, husband and father is driven to his suicide by a perverted version of the American dream. His view of success and self-realization has reduced to a materialistic meaning. All he can see is his failure in providing his family with a good financial situation. His real failure, though, is not to see what he has in his family and what else he can give them besides money. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller A play in which the title is significant but not obviously so is â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller. In â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Miller explores the capitalism of 1940s America and how the American Dream does not benefit everyone in the business world. Willy Loman, the main character in the play, became a salesman after the death of another elderly salesman who could make money without leaving his hotel room. It was this salesman and how well liked he was that inspired Willy to become a salesman as he wanted to be well liked as Dave Singleman. Willy mentions on multiple occasions how well liked he was and that at his own funeral he wanted many people to be present as they had been at Dave Singleman’s funeral â€Å"When he died, hundreds of salesmen and buyers were at his funeral. † Like Dave Singleman Willy wanted people to come from all over the country to mourn him this sympathy towards him as this is a highly unlikely situation and he therefore is setting himself and his family into a deluded scene that will never be witnessed. Similar essay: Realism and Expressionism in Death of a Salesman Willy also wants to die the honourable death, which he now associates with being a salesman as he idolises Dave Singleman â€Å"He died the death of a salesman, in his green velvet slippers†¦ † However at the conclusion of the play it is clear that Willy Loman did not die the honourable death he so desired as no one from the business world arrived at his funeral only his wife, two sons, Charley and Bernard were present which also demonstrates how deluded Willy was in the life he led as he honestly believed his funeral would be of a similar scale to Dave Singleman’s. This evokes sympathy towards Willy as he did not die his ideal death of a salesman and seems to live by measuring how successful people are by the size of their funeral and therefore his own funeral reflects truly how unsuccessful his career as a salesman was. In â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Willy suffers a metaphorical death, the death of his dream of financial success. By the plays conclusion Willy is jobless and broke. Willy has a conversation with his brother Ben, who has been dead for some time, and concludes the best future for his family, especially Biff whom Willy is desperate to become successful, would be for him to kill himself as the insurance company would pay out $20, 000, enough to make Biff successful in Willy’s mind, â€Å"you end up worth more dead than alive. The irony of Willy killing himself is that he is killing himself to give Biff money in order for him to become a successful business man however the insurance company will not make a payout for suicide and Biff has no intention of following in his father’s footsteps. This evokes sympathy for Willy as he is trying to do the best for his family however he still cannot provide for them even through his death. During the play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† the title is significant as there is a physical death of a salesman in the respect that Willy dies and he is a salesman. Through killing himself Willy hopes to provide the financial support, which he has been failing to gain for many years, for his family that is required. The death of Willy is not honourable as he desires and is sorry ending to his unsuccessful life in business. In conclusion the title of the play is significant as it in further understanding of the events, which occur in the play. Miller uses the title to convey both a physical and metaphorical death and in order for the reader to understand the ending to their full capability.

Edgar Allan Poe A Signature Writing Style - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1364 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Edgar Allan Poe Essay Did you like this example? When discussing the origins of Americas most famous genres, the birth of detective fiction is stated to be one of the most prevalent. While discussing the origins of this prolific genre, some historical names tend to come to mind. Names like Edgar Allan Poe and Agatha Christie usually fill readers minds. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Edgar Allan Poe: A Signature Writing Style" essay for you Create order E.F. Bleiler states that , The modern detective story begins with Edgar Allan Poe (3). His influence on other writers, and distinct techniques made him, and his pieces like The Raven and The Cask of Amontillado, ones to be admired for centuries to come. As Poe rose to fame in the literary world, his childhood played an interesting role in his adult life. Only one year after Poe was born, he was left by his father. His mother died only one year after that leaving Edgar an orphan in Richmond, Virginia (Heller 2). These hardships can explain why Poe tended to write in the dark style and tone he did. Throughout Edgar Allan Poes short life, some signature writing techniques have intertwined with his dark demeanor, creating eerie and unsettling stories that are enjoyed by people of all backgrounds. His works have been so successful that some have called him, The Father of Detective Fiction. As Poe wrote his gut-wrenching masterpieces, he managed to inadvertently create techniques and improv[e] on such elements as he borrowed, but with his remarkable structural sense worked out a viable form that served as a model for thousands of successors (Bleiler 2). With these elements, he derived many distinctive and important terms involved in detective fiction. E.F. Bleiler states again , Poe added at least seven new elements of overwhelming importance. These are the stooge narrator, the eccentric detective, the complete outsider as detective, the armchair detective, reader participation in a puzzle, ratiocination or precise analytical reasoning, and a calculus of probabilities as a tool for cutting through conflicting evidence (3). All of these innovative and unique terms play in unison throughout Poes pieces, giving the reader new perspectives and points of view. By simply generating new writing perspectives and logical thinking techniques, Poes structured writing style is mirrored by new artists each and every day. Some notable elements discussed by E.F. are the creation of the eccentric narrator, precise analytical reasoning and the armchair detective.These three elements are most important because they are used most abundantly. The eccentric narrator is derived from the idea that the narrator telling the story is unique or unconventional in some sort of way. This is seen all throughout Poes pieces, like how odd the encounters with the narrator are in The Cask of Amontillado and The Tell-Tale Heart. While discussing The Tell-Tale Heart, precise analytical reasoning can be seen in reverse as the main character contemplates what he has done, and eventually confesses to murdering someone and hiding his remains under the floorboards. Although some of the main characters reasoning was insane, he still used precise analytical reasoning to come to his final conclusion within the story. In summation, this means Poe used a logical writing style to describe the plot and what the narrator was portraying to the reader. The armchair detective is a narrator who examines a mystery, but not in a direct way. Information is either gathered by another character, newspaper, or some other visual format. In The Raven, information is gathered by a raven and conveyed to the lonely lover. This example shows the portrayal of information indirectly through non-human interaction. Another example would be a detective looking at documents or records and coming to a conclusion based solely off of written information and no physical contact. While dark tones and unsettling moods could ultimately sum up Edgar Allan Poes writing, his connection of style to both setting and character creation/description is what truly makes him stand out from other detective fiction writers of his time like Agatha Christie. Poe uses the setting and characters as tools to help solidify his storyline and parallel the main focus of the piece. For example, in The Tell-Tale Heart, the fact that such a horrific thing like a dead body is under such an unstable thing like a floorboard, it shows the connection that the narrators mind is unstable like a loose floorboard, and there is evil and insanity within him. Bomarito writes, Aside from a common theoretical basis, there is a psychological intensity that is characteristic of Poes writings, especially the tales of horror that comprise his best and best-known works (2). In Poes most famous works, the setting is almost always in parallel to the mood and or tone of the story. In The Cask of Amontilla do, the dark nature of the nderground tombs directly related to the dark undertones of the storyline. Bomarito continues, These stories†which include The Black Cat (1843) The Cask of Amontillado (1846) and The Tell-Tale Heart (1843) (2) are some of Poes best-known works. Another example of Edgar Allan Poes dark tone in relation to the main character(s) is the constant recurrence of insanity. In The Raven, the narrator is visited by a raven who eventually drives him mad as he mourns the loss of his lover. The main character in The Tell-Tale Heart also seems to lose grip of his sanity as he claims he hears the heartbeat of the man he killed underneath the floorboards. The constant recurrence of insanity and darkness mixed with alcohol and a rough childhood made a rough life for Poe. Regardless of the odds against him, Poe is considered to be the Father of Detective Fiction by many acclaimed critics. Gerald Strauss writes, Poes The murders in the rue morguewhich takes place in Paris, as do his other mystery storiesis the seminal work from which all subsequent detective fiction descends (1). No matter what source you acquire information from, Edgar Allan Poe is sure to be listed as one of the most influential detective fiction novelists ever. Heller adds, Poes achievements may be measured in terms of what he has contributed to literature and of how his work influenced later culture (1). James Werner also states, the birth of the modern crime-mystery-detective story can be traced back to the 1841 publication of the short story Murders in the Rue Morgue (2). By simply affecting as many people as he did and does respectively, Edgar Allan Poe is without question considered the father of detective fiction. Having a generational impact is truly something to be admired. By going out and taking risks, he paved the way for younger authors to go out, be bold, and write about how they feel. Influence paired with his elements of importance convey his importance to the genre of detective fiction. As Poes life came to a deteriorating end, his grip on the detective fiction genre will forever hold tight. One can argue that it wasnt Poe who mended detective fiction, but it was the people of the time. In contrast to the pure detective story, which is written and read in most Western countries, the hardboiled detective novel is distinctly and exclusively an American form (Schopen 3). Poe also could potentially be writing stories of a dark style because he enjoys it, not because of his rough past. Although this is playing the devils advocate, it is highly likely that Poes childhood led to problems he had in his adult life. The culture of the early 1800s is crucial when talking about Poes parents as well. Both of his parents were actors when actors were not considered cool (1). His lack of parenting and constant overseeing changes until Allan (his guardian) came, made his life unique, which then translated into his writing style. Poes use of techniques is not specifically designed ju st for detective fiction, but for any writing style as a whole. This is another reason that describes why Poes grip is still firm and forever will be in the detective fiction community. James Werner writes again, [Poe] have entertained countless young readers in the past 150 years, and attracted enormous critical attention (2). Edgar Allan Poe has shaped detective writing for future generations to come. His influence and intellect were so prevalent that he is admired to this day as students all over the nation, and world, read his pieces.

Symptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder - 983 Words

Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is a treatable illness marked by extreme changes in mood, thought, energy, and behavior. Bipolar Disorder (BPD) is also known as manic depression because a person’s mood can rotate between the â€Å"poles†Ã¢â‚¬â€mania (highs) and depression (lows). Possibly the first person who termed â€Å"mania and melancholia† as two diverse states of one and the same disease was the Greek physician of the 1st century AD, Aretaeus of Cappadocia. â€Å"It appears to me that melancholy is the commencement and a part of mania†. (Alexander 2014). Early diagnosis and treatment of BPD, through the usage of combined treatments including: medications and cognitive therapy, can help the individual lead a productive life. The precise etiology of BPD has yet to be determined. Scientific data suggests it’s caused by chemical imbalances in the brain. The exact cause of the imbalance is unclear. The hypothesis that views a mixture of nature (genetic factors) and nurture (stressful life events) origins, appears to be the most likely. Genetics certainly play a strong part. BPD is found to be more common in people who have family members with mood disorders. â€Å"Strong evidence shows that people who have imbalances in hormones and brain chemicals specifically, the neurotransmitters noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine are linked with BPD.† Newer studies point out a marked influence from environmental factors such as stress and trauma. In several studies, a history of childhood sexual,Show MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment854 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical condition known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is when a person suffers from severe shifts in mood and energy. In most cases, bipolar disorder can be treated and people with the illness can live normal and productive lives with the help of medication and or therapy. Aiken, C. (2010). 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Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks (NIMH). Suffering from bipolar disorder can mean su ffering from drastic changes in moodRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1274 Words   |  6 Pagesconclusion, Ben Tang was diagnosed with bipolar II disorder indicated by DSM-5 at age 47. He experienced symptoms such as feeling depressed, suicidal thoughts, and worthlessness in depressive episodes. He experienced symptoms such as racing mind, trouble falling asleep, and committing reckless behaviors in hypomanic episodes. It can be challenging to live with bipolar disorder because the symptoms can be hard to deal with. There are several ways to manage bipolar disorder, include medications, support groupRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of bipolar disorder is perhaps just as complex as the condition itself. Bipolar is highly recognized as a treatable disorder. The more we learn about bipolar disorder, the more people may be able to receive the help that they need. Centuries passed and little new was discovered about bipolar disorder until French psychiatrist Jean-Pierre Falret published an article in 1851 describing what he called â€Å"la folie circulaire,† which translates to circular insanity. The article details peopleRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder762 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder 2 Disorder history, In the 19th century psychiatry, mania had a broad meaning of craziness, hypomania was equated by some concepts of â€Å"partial insanity† or monomania. Bipolar disorder origins in 1854, Jules Baillarger and Jean-Pierre Falret, independently present descriptions of the disorder to Academie de Medicine in Paris. German neuropsychiatrist Emanuel Mendel in 1881 wrote â€Å"that heRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1442 Words   |  6 Pagesmental illness. For example, manic depressive illness, or bipolar disorder, is a cognitive disease which affects â€Å"about 2.6% of the U.S. population† every year (DBSA). Along with the vast number of patients stricken with bipolar, are also a plethora of symptoms, with researchers and patients reporting, â€Å"unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and (an inability) to carry out day-to-day tasks† (NIMH). Along with the symptoms of bipolar are several factors that contribute to the presence of the

Application Of Songwriting Intervention At My Outpatient...

I was eager to facilitate a songwriting intervention in my outpatient adolescent group last month. All eight patients appeared engaged while cutting out quotes, drawing, and gluing words meant to express how they view positive change in their lives. Each young person openly shared their narrative, all except one. With two minutes left of the group, she sighed and read her words aloud. A suicide note slowly formed. I asked several questions about the person in the song, ensured that the patient would be safe, and immediately sought out their case manager. Recognizing the boundaries of my scope of practice as a music therapist, ethically, I could not further process this patient’s suicidal ideation. As an adolescent myself, I unexpectedly lost two close family members shortly after my parents’ divorce. As my mom struggled with finances, gambling addiction, and hoarding, I attempted to help by taking on financial and household responsibilities. My older brother, typically a pillar of support, was sent to complete an inpatient addiction program. I increasingly turned to alcohol, smoking, and excessive sleep to dampen my feelings of despair and anxiety. Meanwhile, I missed over 25 percent of my high school classes, was a frequent patron of my dean’s office, and had grades slipping further down the alphabet. School counselors and social workers quickly caught on to my sudden decline and became familiar faces. My dean frequently asked me to explain my motivations and challenged

Aids in India Free Essays

Why is the A.I.D. We will write a custom essay sample on Aids in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. epidemic prevalent in India? There are several factors that contribute to the spread of the disease but in my opinion, two are more pronounced than the rest. Prevailing cultural practices and economic factors would count as one. This will prove beyond a doubt that my observation is acceptable, as the factors below would reveal. If we observe the geographical boundaries of India, it appears that the AIDS epidemic is more concentrated with the Southern provinces than it is in the North. The reason of course is the disparity in the context of economic conditions. While the South enjoys a much better standard of living, it likewise becomes more susceptible to the spread of the AIDS virus. Remember that AIDS/HIV transmission transpired first in more advanced urban centers like the West and East Coast of the United States (Atwal Alexander). In India, the epidemic follows the same route; the influx of migrant workers is a take off point. Naturally in the course of their stay, they are bound to have a casual rendezvous with the local sex workers. This is typical with workers coming from the Northern States (Uttar Pradesh) for example enters Mumbai to become part of the labor force, so in effect they are the source of HIV transmission. This phenomenon likewise limits the spread of the disease to the Northern States because said migrant workers stay indefinitely and often postpone trips back home, thus delaying the transmission of the virus to their wives (Atwal Alexander). Another factor that definitely promotes the spread of HIV points to the cultural upbringing of the populace. Did you know that sex, as a topic, is taboo to most in India? Moreover, discussion of sex in public is inviolable where age-old traditions of the religious denominations abhor even the slight mention of the word. So what happens next (Indo-Asian News Service)? Besides, the majority of the population are illiterate and unschooled, so you can rule out the possibility of educating them on the merits of HIV prevention. Culture further contributes by keeping residents mum about the disease. Even though the symptoms manifest in them, still they refuse to enter treatment centers because of the stigma that is likely to follow. Even monogamous women become inflicted with the HIV virus, simply because their partners have illicit affairs with other women. In fact there the incidence for HIV is higher in women (Frith). Due to these cultural barriers, health workers cannot educate the majority and up to this day, inhabitants still practice unsafe sex where low condom use has been found responsible for 84% of reported cases. Migration and mobility – due to economic reasons, workers prefer to extend working hours that keep them away from a healthy social environment surrounded by their families and community. This eventually puts them at risk, being prone to unusual behavior (â€Å"Preventing HIV/AIDS in India). Recent studies indicate that a number of drug users today are switching from the inhalation to the injection of drugs, which is relevant to HIV transmission that is more often triggered by the use of unclean needles and syringes. Infections have also been attributed to the low status of women under the norms of Indian society. Given unequal power in relations as well as limited access to human, financial, and economic assets weakens the stance of protection in the context of demanding safer sex, thereby increasing the risk (â€Å"Preventing HIV/AIDS in India). The ethnic composition in India is likewise a big factor as the population has roughly 800 million Hindus and 150 million Muslims. This is vital because these religious sects never practice circumcision. And the health manuals are explicit in the assumption that circumcision indeed can reduce health risks, the risk being seven times for uncircumcised males (Russell). As mentioned above, aside from economic factors that helps spread the virus, cultural leanings as well helps to hide the actual incidence of HIV transmission. Government figures are so low that they seem to downplay the seriousness of the situation. Even President George Bush of the United States has been disheartened by the fact that India shows no interest and restricts the outside world from helping curb the AIDS epidemic. That is the reason why the United States’ campaign against AIDS has been transferred to Vietnam (Russell). As of today, 22 million lives worldwide have been lost to the HIV/AIDS virus and most of these casualties originated from Southern Africa. Will India be next? All indicators point out to India to likely suffer the same fate, as 200 million of its population are already infected with the virus and a little over 5 million are actually suffering from a full blown AIDS infection (Indo-Asian News Service). When will HIV/AIDS reach uncontrollable proportion? The HIV/AIDS situation in India is starting to manifest its ugly head through government neglect and unsound programs. Detailed below are the failed attempts of the government as well as the unfruitful intervention of NGOs and private foundations in the drive against the spread of HIV/AIDS in India. The sub-Saharan region of Africa already registered 13 million deaths due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic while another 25 million are reported be infected with the virus. Recent reports from other countries once categorized as heavily infected have shown signs of abating (Beaubien). Thought of as the main reason for the onset of the AIDS epidemic happens to be poor rain conditions that have made a significant impact on local harvests; adding most likely to the severe food crises. During its heyday, the African epidemic pulls out healthy and productive workers from the fields due to sickness or to aid in the care for a sick relative. And due to this shortage apart from the desire to avert hunger, some women traded sex for food, which thereby increases the risk further. Africa has the highest rate of HIV infection in the world to date, but not anymore because as mentioned, figures could be deceiving (Evers). Given the present rate of HIV infection in India, the number for AIDS could reach a total of 25 million by the year 2010 to eclipse the cases registered in Africa. That is if the Government in India would disregard all efforts to curb the disease. The government should accept the fact that the infection has reached epidemic proportion, so a world effort from the United Nations, donor countries and NGO’s could help thwart the virus in its tracks (â€Å"World AIDS News†). A medical expert from India, Dr Ishwar Gilada presents a bleak assessment of the situation. Sooner or later, India will be home to half of the world’s HIV-infected people with around 200 million of its population infected with the virus, of which around 10 million already contracted a full-blown status where roughly 1 million patients have already died. And if the Government fails in its endeavor to control the epidemic, then the projected 25 million cases could be expected in the next two years (â€Å"World AIDS News†). The projection is bleak indeed since the Global Fund intended for the prevention of AIDS urgently needs some 700 million dollars to support its outlined projects. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for example has pledged 200 million dollars in its India AIDS initiative. The grant will be used to help support HIV prevention measures in the Indian States of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Manipur and Nagaland (â€Å"World AIDS News†). What has the Government done so far? India’s fight against AIDS started in 1992 through the World Bank-financed National AIDS Program. The effort was nationwide in scope that set-up AIDS control offices in 32 states and union territories. The program somehow increased access to information, education and communication programs, using media and regular communication mediums such as folk music, festivals, HIV consciousness campaigns and even elephant parades to broadcast the risks involved in HIV (â€Å"India: Stemming the AIDS Epidemic†). Other Government initiatives include blood safety measures or the mandatory screening conducted by most blood banks, which banned professional blood donations while promoting it as voluntary and systems-wide strategy to improve blood banks services. All these somehow raised public awareness on the evils of HIV/AIDS, informing around 80% of the population; 64% in the countryside, particularly the high-risk group. Some positive observations have already been stipulated with reports coming from the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal, all presenting encouraging feedback for their HIV programs (â€Å"India: Stemming the AIDS Epidemic†). There are still persistent reports that the Government effort does not suffice with the continued rise of the HIV/AIDS. The information drive and prevention measures seem to have failed in its drive to educate the majority. The think-tank in New Delhi failed to show remarkable strides in the desire to contain the epidemic. The world may just as well brace for a 19% full-blown AIDS infection rate by 2020 or that would be around 200 million cases. How to cite Aids in India, Papers

Economics for Business Business Monopoly

Question: Describe about the Economics for Business of Business Monopoly. Answer: Introduction: Natural monopoly takes place when the most effective set of firms in the industry is one. Thus, the natural monopoly will significantly have higher incidence of fixed cost, which represents an impractical situation of having more than one organisation producing the goods. One of such examples of natural monopoly is the use of tap water. It is however sensible to have just one business rendering a system of water pipes and sewers since there are higher incidence of capital cost incurred in establishing the national system of pipes and sewage systems. It is noteworthy to denote that natural monopolies are considered as un-contestable and firms operating under such environment does not faces any competition. Hence, without the intervention of the government they could misuse the market control and set higher prices. Natural monopolies usually require government regulations and government can wish to regulate the monopolies by protecting the interest of the consumers. Analysis: The major problems associated with the monopolies is that a monopolistic firm is left to its own consensus and is most likely to produce the outputs, which are of lower quantity and charge higher price. Hence, a monopolist generally produces the output where price is relatively higher than the marginal cost highlighting a situation of under apportionment of resources in the direction of the product. Thus, by restriction the output and increase the price of the product the monopolist is guaranteed of higher profits, which is at the cost of community and consumer welfare. However, the prices of a monopolist is determined by the quantity of output that could yield a greater profit. The same can be elaborated with use of diagram given below. Figure 1: Economic Profit Diagram (Monopolists Profit Maximization Price and Quantity) (Source: Hubbard, Garnett Lewis, 2012) Regrettably, in certain industries due to wide range of productivity over which the economies of scale is felt and on few occasion only one firms makes the most of such situation. Government regulators are usually up with the problems of dealing with the natural monopolistic businesses such as power industry. It should be noted that an electrical company would base its price and output decision in the market to maximise the profit based on the law that all unregulated firms manufacture at a degree where their marginal revenue is equivalent to the marginal cost. For example, monopolies have the supremacy in the market to set prices greater than the competitive markets. Hence, government can control price through using price capping, yardstick competition to prevent the development of monopoly influence. The problematic situation arises for the monopolist that its marginal revenue is lower than the price charged, which it should be charging. This represents that at the profit maximising level of output, the marginal cost would be less than the price, in other words, not adequate quantity of energy will be manufactured and the cost will be very high for some of t he customers to afford (Hubbard, Garnett Lewis, 2012). This paves the way for government regulations. The government regulation in a natural monopoly can be clearly explained well in the diagram below as below the efficient price, it will suffer a loss. Figure 2: ATC Pricing (Regulating a Natural Monopoly) (Source: Case, Fair Oster, 2012) A government regulations is concerned with providing the correct quantity of electricity among the correct set of individuals and it may choose to set price ceiling for electricity at the level where price is equivalent to the organisations marginal cost. In the likelihood of the situation, the organisations average total cost will ultimately decline over a wider range of output. This would represent a scenario which leading to loss for firm and might lead to failure of the business with shut down. Under such circumstances most of the government introduce the method of price ceiling where prices are equivalent to the firms average total cost, which represents the firm, is operating at break-even point. Under the breakeven point, the firm would be earning normal profit, which is essential to keep the organisation in the business representing fair return price. The impression of deregulation of electricity marketplace was to eliminate the price ceilings, which might lead to better economies of profit for companies. This will subsequently help in attracting new companies in the market and will promote competition. With highly competitive markets prices falls to the optimal level, which ultimately benefits the consumers and producers and forces them to be more product oriented to compete in the market. Reason behind the government regulations towards monopolies: Without the intervention from government regulations firms may monopoly the price by overstating it. These monopolies would lead to a locative inadequacy and sharp fall in well-being of customers. On the other hand, an organisation having the control over the facility of a specific facility it may possess little inducement to provide a respectable quality service. Government regulations can safeguard that the organisation meet the required minimum standard of service (Varian, 2014). It is noteworthy to denote that in some of the businesses, it is conceivable to promote competition and consequently there shall be less number of government regulations. However, due to economies of large scale, the number of most well-organized companies is one and government is unable boost competition, as it is vital to control the firm in order to avert the misuse of monopoly power. Government policies may help in restricting the formation of monopolies by eliminating the barriers to entry and application of antitrust law. It is noteworthy to denote that a natural monopoly has increasing return to sales and a single firm can provide service to the entire market at the lowest cost. However, under the natural monopolies, the monopolist produces output, which is equal to the marginal cost creating a dead weight loss. In order to reduce the dead weight loss government regulates the price of firms by forcing them to apply the concept of average total cost or acting itself in the form of benevolent. As the monopolies have created a deadweight loss, government may remove the barriers to enter into the market by using the monopolies to break up the deadweight. It should be noted that due to economies of large scale a natural monopoly has lower average cost with the increase in output. Another method adopted by the government to regulate the monopolies is directing the m onopolist the amount of price to be charged. Government may force the monopolies to price their product at marginal cost or at average total cost. The theory of marginal costing pricing techniques helps the government to eliminate dead weight loss however; it is difficult to calculate and often requires monopolies to function at loss. On the other hand, the average costing pricing techniques may result in some kind of dead weight loss but it is easier to compute the firms breakeven point. Figure 3: Falling Average Cost Curve of natural monopoly market (Source: Hubbard, Garnett Lewis, 2012) It is evident from the figure that the regulating authority can set the price even lower price which is equal to the Average cost rule where P = AC. This occurs at point E. The monopolist sells a unit of output at the price equal to OP. under such circumstances the monopolist yields normal profit, which it takes into the consideration of cost structure. Several economist opinion differs whether such returns would be termed as fair in economic context (Varian, 2014). Any kind of wrong judgement would lead to long term ineffective apportioning of resources and losses. The monopolist under such circumstances would not increase the output beyond certain level where there is a probability of incurring losses. Since natural monopolist, largely benefit from economies of large scale. Long run marginal cost is more likely to be less than the long run average cost in the relevant framework of output. In such case, the marginal cost pricing can lead to losses to the monopolist. Price regulations: As it is evident with all the monopolies, a monopolist who has acquired the position through natural monopoly effects might engage in such activities which involves the abuse of market power which often lead to calls for price regulations from government. Government regulations may arise at certain circumstances where business request to enter in the new market which is dominated by a natural monopoly. One of the common aspects involved in favour of the arguments is the need to restrict the companys ability to abuse the power or to facilitate competition, increase investment and stabilisation of market (Case, Fair Oster, 2012). The analysis is true in context to the essential electricity where a monopoly creates a situation of captive markets for products, which few can refuse. In common practice, price regulations occurs when the government believes that if the company is left to exercise his own device, would ultimately behave in such a way which is against the consumers interest. In some of the countries, an early solution to these perceived problems is the government provisions that allows the ability of the monopolist to regulate price that have devastating impact on the society. As it is explained in the study that the marginal cost of the natural monopolist is lower than the average total cost (Varian, 2014). It is noteworthy to denote that such kinds of price discrimination favouring the less affluent and against the more wealthy customers may under such circumstances enable the less to gain natural monopoly at lower rate than those that corresponds to the average total cost. The chief characteristics of natural monopoly is that its average total cost falloffs on a continuous basis over any number of amount demanded by the market. For example if a business has big amount of cost, which are fixed, then a solo firm can offer the goods at a very low cost than more number of organisations. This is due to the average total cost of each of the firm would be much higher in comparison to the natural monopoly. An environment of natural monopoly can deliver goods and service for a lesser amount if there is no such rivalry. An example of electricity has been cited as one of the natural monopoly in the market. Figure 4: Inefficiency of a natural monopoly (Source: Case, Fair Oster, 2012) The theory puts forward the question of price, which is required to be duly put in place the natural monopoly. Firms operating under competitive environment, revenues can be maximised under the circumstances when marginal cost is equal to the market price. It is noteworthy to denote that since the average total cost of a natural monopoly drops on a constant rate hence, the marginal cost will always be less than that of the average total cost (ATC). As the average total cost is the aggregate of all cost, which includes a large number of cost, which are fixed whereas the marginal cost represents the additional cost, incurred for producing an extra unit of output. Therefore, a natural monopoly will constantly lose cash if the amount that is charged is restricted to the marginal cost (Pierk Weil, 2016). A highly-regulated amount would be the one that allowed the monopoly to charge an amount, which is at times denoted as the equitable return price and is equivalent to the average total c ost. Such practice would allow the natural monopoly to survive in the form of regular business however; it will not incentivize the proprietors to cut down the rate. Hence, this type of regulations can be improved by letting the monopolist to retain a portion of their revenues produced by decreasing the cost. Conclusion: To conclude with it can be observed that marginal cost price is decided by the marginal Cost. The study highlights that monopolist will produce in the long run and charge high price unless the government undertakes the initiative to set price in order to cut down the natural monopoly. The government may act to choose be benevolent monopolist itself however it may be best to suit efficient running of the business. The study clearly defines that government can regulate price through using price covering, yardstick competition to avert the progression of monopoly power. In the likelihood of the situation, the businesses average total cost will eventually decline over a wider range of output. The study defines that under such scenario the profit maximising level of output, the marginal cost would be less than the price. With the adoption of pricing strategy, government may help in restricting the formation of monopolies by eliminating the barriers to entry and significantly promotes a pe rfectly competitive market. Reference List: Case, K. E., Fair, R. C., Oster, S. M. (2012).Principles of economics. Prentice Hall. Hubbard, G., Garnett, A., Lewis, P. (2012).Essentials of economics. Pearson Higher Education AU. Pierk, J., Weil, M. (2016). Price regulation and accounting choice.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,35(3), 256-275. Varian, H. R. (2014).Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company.